Agriculture and Livestock

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Background

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At present, the Earth is 1.1°C warmer than in the 20th century and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions are still rising at an unprecedented rate due to increasing anthropogenic activities. Major sources of GHG emissions are the extraction and burning of fossil fuels, decaying solid waste, and agriculture practices. These emissions need to be reduced by 45% by 2030 for keeping the temperatures below 1.5°C. Methane is one of the main constituents of GHGs and has important implications for climate change, particularly in the near term. It has a much shorter atmospheric lifetime than CO and contributes 2 about one-third of the current anthropogenic GHG – driven warming. In addition to its climate impacts, methane also affects air quality because it is an ingredient in the formation of ground-level (tropospheric) ozone, a dangerous air pollutant. With action on climate change becoming increasingly time-sensitive, limiting methane offers an extremely important opportunity to achieve rapid results along with other GHGs.

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India stands committed to reducing the emissions intensity of its GDP by 45 percent by 2030 as compared to 2005 levels, recently India has taken a strong stand to become a “NetZero” country by 2070. With such ambitious targets, there is a need to have a focused discussion on GHG emissions, sources, mitigation strategies, technological availability and deployment, and so on and methane may be a good starting point along with CO2 emissions. Given the above need, ICCSA Foundation has planned a series of brainstorming sessions, across the country, focusing on four major sources of GHG emissions as Oil and Gas, Agriculture and Livestock, Coal and Coal Bed, Transportation, and Solid Waste. This series was unveiled by the hands of Hon’ble Minister of Road Transport and Highways, Shri Nitin Gadkari ji, on 20th September 2022 in New Delhi under the banner of Climate Goals: Technological Roadmap to Net Zero. In continuation to the above, it is proposed to have a 1-day brainstorming session at IIT Guwahati on Agriculture and Livestock Sector.

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Focus Area: Agriculture And Livestock

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Increased greenhouse gas emissions have changed the global ambient temperature and harmed global climatic conditions. GHG emissions from the agriculture and livestock sector have also contributed significantly to climate change. Agriculture accounts for 40-46 % of worldwide methane emissions, and these emissions are expected to rise by 40% by 2050 due to growing food production. Agriculture is the world’s leading source of anthropogenic methane. Manure and gastroenteric leaks from livestock account for around 32% of all human-caused methane emissions (Searching, 2021). Methane emissions from paddy cultivation and livestock accounted for 8% and 32% respectively of the total emissions from the sector. The increasing demand for animal protein and the growing population will increase emissions by up to 70% by 2050 (UNEP-2021). Methane is also produced and emitted from the decomposition of livestock manure and the organic components in agro-industrial wastewater. Globally, manure management alone contributed an estimated 237 MMTCO e of methane emissions in 2 2010, roughly 4% of total anthropogenic (human-induced) methane emissions (GMI report, 2011).

In India, the majority of agricultural GHG emissions occur at the primary production stage and are generated through the production and use of agricultural inputs, livestock handling and management, farm machinery, soil disturbance, residue management, and irrigation. The total GHGs emission from Indian livestock alone is estimated at 247.2 Mt in terms of CO equivalent emissions. Although the Indian 2 livestock contributes substantially to the methane budget, the per capita emission is only 24.23 kg CH/animal/year (Chabbra et al., 2012). Having said that, it is important to 4 note that these emissions are “Survival Emissions” for the country and are needed for growth and development. Given the above, the sector needs dedicated attention from a balanced point of view so that the emissions can be curtailed without hampering the development of the country. This forms the core of the proposed brainstorming session.

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Brainstorming Session on

METHANE EMISSIONS

From

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AGRICULTURE & LIVESTOCK SECTOR

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Guwahati hosts diverse wildlife and vegetation along with stakeholders and partners like the Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR) organizations, the Ministry of Development of North East Region (DoNER) and IIT Guwahati is an appropriate location for discussion on Climate Goals related to this field with stakeholders, researchers, governing bodies, policymakers, and industries for sharing their views and knowledge in this field.

ICCSA Foundation, in continuation of a series of events on Climate Goal: Technological Roadmap to Net Zero, jointly with IIT Guwahati along with partners & stakeholders including MoEFCC, CSIR, DoNER, ICAR, IARI, AIILSG, IIT Bombay, CII and SERI, etc., is organizing brainstorming session on Methane Emission from Agriculture and Livestock Sector on 1st February 2023 at Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati from 1000 to 1700 h (IST)*.

The outcome of this session will help the organizers to develop a roadmap on key strategies and action plans to Mitigate Methane Emissions and develop technologies for its energy transition and preventing climate change.

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Discussion Points

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Climate Goals: Technological Roadmap to Net Zero

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Indian centric strategy for reducing methane emissions from oil and gas sectors through cost effective efforts and deploying known processes.